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The 6-carbon lactone known as ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is an important water-soluble
vitamin. It is essential for preserving optimal health and it is used by the body for many
purposes, including collagen biosynthesis, melanin reduction and enhanced immunity. This
book addresses some important issues related to various methods which are employed to
encapsulate asorbic acid. A comparation of the characteristics of ascorbic acid nano and
microparticles prepared by different methods is also given. Furthermore, the biomedical
significance of human vitamin C metabolism is examined, in the light of polymorphisms in
xenobiotic enzymes deduced from genetic, biochemical and epidemiological results to
estimate optimal nutrition. Additionally, Vitamin C exerts a protective role against some
types of cancer. For that reason, this book investigates the protective effect of vitamin C.
Possible pro- and antioxidant effects of vitamin C are also presented and their extrapolation
on human health is discussed. Other chapters in this book include a review of the role of
vitamin C in the physiology of several diseases, good dietary sources of vitamin C, a study of
the effects of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) on vitamin C status in exposed
populations and the role of vitamin C in human reproduction and its effect on people who
suffer from epileptic seizures.
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There has been an increased interest in millets and its products owing to its
nutritional composition, health benefits and ease of cultivation. As a result, the
UN declared the year 2023 as the ‘International Year of Millets’, which would
further enhance the public awareness on the health benefits of millets. The present
chapter introduces about different types of millets and the countries involved in
the production of millets. Also presented here are the information about the
composition of different types of millets, the challenges in commercial production and industrial processing of millets.
-
In 2007, we edited Handbook of Plant Nutrition, a compendium of knowledge at that time on
the mineral nutrition of plants. This handbook was inspired by Homer D. Chapman’s 1965 book,
Diagnostic Criteria for Plants and Soils, and had contributions from eminent plant and soil scientists from around the world. Its purpose was to provide a current source of information on the nutritional requirements of world crops, and it covered the uptake and assimilation of elements essential
or beneficial for plant growth, the availability of these elements to plants, fertilizers used to enhance
the supply of the elements, and diagnostic testing of plants and soils to determine when they are in
short supply. Each element considered was given its own chapter, with macronutrients being covered
in more detail than micronutrients and beneficial elements.
-
It has been 15 years since the first edition of the Handbook of
Obesity was published, and these years have seen enormous
progress in our understanding of the etiology and the causes
of obesity as well as innovative approaches to its treatment.
We are thus pleased to publish this update of the Handbook
of Obesity in the form of two coordinated and comprehensive
volumes. Shortly after the first edition, translational research
took hold and it became evident that the “therapeutic”
strategies for treatment of obesity would need more space,
and this was accomplished by splitting the second edition
into two volumes; subsequently, the therapeutic volume was
updated and published separately without the basic science
volume. By 2012, the growth of the science underlying the
increase in the prevalence of obesity and the emphasis on
translation research led to the need for a new edition of each
volume with many new authors and entirely new content.
For instance, many drugs that were available in 1998 are no
longer available now, and new ones have come on the market.
-
It has been 15 years since the first edition of the Handbook
of Obesity was published, and these years have seen enormous progress in our understanding of the etiology and the
causes of obesity as well as innovative approaches to its
treatment. We are thus pleased to publish this update of
the Handbook of Obesity in the form of two coordinated
and comprehensive volumes. Shortly after the first edition,
translational research took hold and it became evident that
the “therapeutic” strategies for treatment of obesity would
need more space, and this was accomplished by splitting
the second edition into two volumes; subsequently, the
therapeutic volume was updated and published separately
without the basic science volume. By 2012, the growth of
the science underlying the increase in the prevalence of
obesity and the emphasis on translation research led to
the need for a new edition of each volume with many new
authors and entirely new content. For instance, many drugs
that were available in 1998 are no longer available now,
and new ones have come on the market. In brief, Volume 1
-
Winsome Abbott-Johnson School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane,
Australia
Niyazi Acar Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Centre des Sciences du Gouˆt et de
l’Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Universit
e Bourgogne Franche-Comt
e,
Dijon, France
-
Nutrition impacts on brain functioning in various ways: we are what we eat.
The brain, like the rest of the body, is made up of building blocks that are
supplied by the diet. Energy for the brain, in particular glucose, comes from
the diet. The enzymatic processes that allow the architecture of the brain
to develop and the release of energy in addition requires minerals and
vitamins to allow these functions to proceed. There are constituents of food,
for example caffeine, that act in a drug-like manner. Given this context can
what we eat infl uence our mood and the way we think?
-
Life Cycle Nutrition: An Evidence-Based Approach,
Second Edition provides a unique learning expe-
rience, reference, and start for students learning
about nutrition throughout the life cycle. It also
provides a comprehensive reference for those of us
already in practice. The book stands alone in its
interwoven coverage of public health nutrition with
subjects as diverse as media influences on eating,
skipping breakfast, sociodemographic moderators
of dietary intake, tobacco use and nutritional sta-
tus, and clinical nutrition.
-
The volume is divided in four parts: the fi rst two deal with basic adipose tissue and adipokine
biology, while the last two address the problem of obesity and alterations in adipose tissue function
from an epidemiological and clinical standpoint
-
This book provides a broad understanding of the main computational
techniques used for anthropometric data. The theoretical background to a
number of techniques is introduced and general data analysis techniques
and examining the application of techniques in a sport setting, including
current practices and current research, are considered. The book also provides practical experience of females’ physical activity. This book offers
scope for academics, researchers, and sport professionals to present their
research and development works that have potential for applications in
several disciplines of any orthopedic injury that would inhibit physical activity. Chapters range from new methods to novel applications of existing
methods to gain an understanding of the material and/or structural behavior of new and advanced systems. This book provides innovative chapters
on the growth of educational, scientific, and research activities among athletes and provides a medium for mutual communication between international sports academia. This book publishes significant research reporting
new methodologies and important applications in the fields of anthropometric measuring and software. Software and anthropometric-based research findings to date contribute to the scholarly debates over mortality
trends, the nature of slavery, and the outcomes of industrialization and
economic development
-
In humans, L-arginine is considered as a conditionally essential amino acid. As with many other ana-
lytes, it may be harmful in some conditions. For example, L-arginine has been shown to impart an
immunomodulatory effect and protects cells against cellular stress. On the other hand, L-arginine
depletion has been shown to reduce experimental depression and some cancers depend on L-arginine
derived from extracellular pools. The science of L-arginine is also interlinked with nitric oxide metab-
olism, itself a specialized area of study. On the whole though L-arginine supplementation has been
shown to be benefi cial to a variety of cells and tissues including immune cells, cardiovascular tissues,
liver, muscle, kidney, and bone. However, fi nding all the relevant and wide ranging information on
L-arginine in a single source has hitherto been problematic as the material is so diverse. This is, how-
ever, addressed in L-Arginine in Clinical Nutrition
-
A common theme today across many media articles about herbal and nutritional
treatments is there is no valid evidence for their effi cacy, and the risk of harm is high
due to potential issues such as adulteration (sometimes deliberately with pharmaceutical drugs), idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity, and herb–drug interactions. While the
lack of data may have held true three or four decades ago, even a cursory search of
the published literature reveals an accumulating evidence of safety and effi cacy for
such treatments, sometimes in a complementary role with mainstream pharmaceuticals. For example, there are now more than 30 clinical trials on the herb kava
( Piper methysticum ), including several by one of the editors of this text (Jerome
Sarris). The clinical research on the psychiatric applications of N-acetylcysteine is
particularly promising (as will be outlined in the context of anxiety in Chap. 5).
-
The concept, that early growth and development determines health in animals, has been known to nutritional
scientists for more than 70 years. However, the realisation that this concept has major implications for human
health is much more recent. The importance of considering the effect of diet on the whole life-cycle, rather
than focusing on middle-aged and older adults, is increasingly recognised, particularly when the seeds of
adult disease may be sown in utero and in infancy.
-
‘All animals are equal but some animals are more equal than others’. This famous quote
from George Orwell is relevant to medical research: all studies are equal but some
studies are more equal than others. This reflects the hierarchy of evidence, one of the
fundamental principles of evidence-based medicine (EBM), which is the topic of this
book.
-
Microorganisms (including viruses, bacteria, molds, yeasts, protozoa, and helminths) represent abundant
and diverse forms of life that occupy various ecological niches of earth. Those utilizing food and food
products for growth and maintenance are important to human society due not only to their positive and
negative impacts on food supply, but also to their potential pathogenicity to human and animal hosts.
On one hand, foodborne microorganisms are known to play a critical role in fermentation and modi-
fication of foods, leading to a variety of nutritious food products (e.g., bread, beverage, yogurt, cheese,
etc.) that have helped sustain the human civilization from time immemorial. On the other hand, food-
borne microorganisms may be responsible for food spoilage, which, albeit a necessary step in keeping
up ecological balance, reduces the quality and quantity of foods for human and animal consumption.
Furthermore, some foodborne microorganisms are pathogenic to humans and animals, which, besides
creating havoc on human health and animal welfare, decrease the availability of meat and other animal-
related products.
-
Delicious, tempting, and nutritious food at every meal—that’s
something few people would say no to. Healthy food can be
packed with color, aroma, and flavor, a sensuous experience in
itself, yet also full of the nutrients we need to keep our bodies healthy
throughout our lives.
-
The history of successful public health progress in confronting and controlling complex
threats to population health has been marked most significantly by the ability and agreement to
conduct assessments of the outbreak, conduct surveillance of the movement of the threat over
time and between places and populations, and to conduct evaluations of efforts to interrupt or
control those threats. Effective evaluations have depended on the development of consensus on
the specific indicators and measures for comparisons in time and space and between jurisdictions
with their varied policies, programs, services, cultures, as well as distinct physical and social
environments. This report attempts to offer a degree of consensus on these essential ingredients
for successful monitoring and evaluation of progress on obesity in America.
-
This volume originated from a workshop at the 2010 European Association
of Social Anthropologists (EASA) held at the National University of Ireland,
Maynooth (NUIM), the institutional affiliation of both of the editors of this
volume. In keeping with the conference theme of “Crisis and Imagination,”
we organized a panel that dealt with explorations of alternative imaginations
regarding global concerns, and the crisis circumstances of when a mother’s
own breastmilk is not available. Entitled “The ‘Breastmilk Problem’,” we put
out a call for papers to contribute to a workshop that treated the problematization of breastmilk globally, illustrating traditions of milk banking and
sharing. We further argued that such initiatives are at a critical phase, experiencing unprecedented opportunities and challenges, inviting a reimagining of
global health within a flexible maternal economy
-
Almost five decades ago, work began on the first edition of
this text. Much has changed in the field of human lactation
and in the world at large. The trickle of scientific work on the
subject in 1975 has swollen into a river overflowing its banks.
The Lactation Study Center at the University of Rochester
has more than 50,000 documents in its database that describe
peer-reviewed scientific studies and reports, and every year
there are new controlled trials, systematic reviews, metaanalyses, and cost-based analyses of breastfeeding and the use
of human milk. The field of lactation research has moved to
the molecular and the genetic levels to analyze the chemical
and component nature of breast milk and how that influences
the infant’s growth and development and later immunologic,
allergic, metabolic, and overall health. Public health research
continues to examine the short-term and long-term benefits
of breast milk and breastfeeding for the infant and the
mother. Clinical research seeks to apply evidenced-based data
to the practice, experience, and support of breastfeeding
within communities and for individual women and families.
It is not simply the application of specific protocols and policies but thoughtful consideration and individualized support
for the breastfeeding mother-infant dyad that leads to a
mother reaching her breastfeeding goals.
-
Nutrition is a topic of growing interest for indi-
viduals, health science students and profes-
sionals, researchers, healthcare think tanks,
international health organizations, and government
agencies.
-
-
Several excellent textbooks of human nutrition are available. We have attempted
to produce a book that diff ers from most of them by asking our contributors to
describe what they regard as those aspects of their topics that are essential to the
understanding and practice of human nutrition. Most of the authors are international authorities on the subjects on which they have written and all are very
experienced teachers
-
Essentials of Life Cycle Nutrition provides a unique learning experience, a unique reference, and a unique
start for students learning about nutrition throughout the life cycle. It also provides a comprehensive reference for those of us already in practice. The book stands alone in its interwoven coverage of public health
nutrition, with subjects as diverse as media influences on eating, skipping breakfast, sociodemographic
moderators of dietary intake, tobacco use and nutritional status, and clinical nutrition; it includes a wide
array of diverse topics, including inborn errors of metabolism, and cancer. Contemporary issues such as
fruit juice consumption, nutritional needs of athletes, and dietary supplements as ergogenic aids are addressed across the life cycle as well as by using a multidisciplinary approach. This book gives students
current knowledge, helps them evaluate emerging knowledge, and prepares them to uncover new knowledge for the public, their clients, and themselves as they journey together throughout the life cycle.
-
It has long been known that nutritional deficiencies are associated with
morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients.
-
Micronutrients play major roles in the maintenance of human health. The knowledge in this field is scattered, and practicing
physicians, medical students, and health professionals have only a fragmented concept of this field. For example, iron is
covered in detail in hematology textbooks. Iodine is covered in endocrinology, copper toxicity is seen in Wilson’s disease,
and this is covered in textbooks in sections on liver diseases or neurological diseases. Zinc is covered in biochemistry and
nutrition textbooks. The result is that practicing health professionals have only a limited and fragmented knowledge of
micronutrients in human health
