Nutritional Management of Cancer
Treatment Effects

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC, World Health Organization)
[ 1 ] estimated an incidence of 6,617,855 cancers around the world in 2008 with 4,219,626

deaths associated with this disease (IARC 2011). The American Cancer Society esti-
mates that 1,596,670 new cancer cases will be diagnosed in 2011 with half of all men

and one third of all women developing cancer in their lifetimes; 571,950 Americans are
expected to die of cancer, representing more than 1,500 people a day and accounting for
nearly one of every four deaths (ACS) [ 2 ] , making cancer the second most common
cause of death in the USA, exceeded only by heart disease. The National Institutes of
Health estimates the total costs of cancer in 2010 to be $263.8 billion: $102.8 billion for

direct medical costs (total of all health expenditures), $20.9 billion for indirect morbid-
ity costs (cost of lost productivity due to illness), and $140.1 billion for indirect mortal-
ity costs (cost of lost productivity due to premature death) [ 2 ]