Nutritional
Intervention in

Metabolic
Syndrome

were not from the general population of adults). Three studies were identified among adolescents
or young people that fitted all other inclusion criteria—these studies are reported separately. The
most recent publication was chosen if several national reports from a single country existed. As the
most recent, revised (2005) definition of the MetS by the United States (U.S.) National Cholesterol

Education Program (NCEP) is similar to that of the 2009 consensus definition (with the only dis-
tinction being that the consensus definition specified ethnicity-specific waist circumference cut-
points, while the NCEP definition had a single waist circumference cut-point for obesity of 102 cm

[male] and 88 cm [female]), studies that used the NCEP definition were also reported. Because of
this, it is acknowledged that for some populations, the waist circumference cut-points used may not
have been appropriate for their ethnicity according to the consensus definition. The original NCEP
definition incorporated a cut-point for hyperglycemia of FPG≥ 6.1 mmol/L (110 mg/dL), whereas in
the revised (2005) definition the corresponding figure was FPG≥5.6 mmol/L (100 mg/dL). Due to
this difference, studies using the original NCEP definition were excluded. The search for relevant
publications was last conducted on April 11, 2013.